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Jan 172011

There is a good segment of Yankee fans that will look back on this offseason rather unfondly once Spring Training starts. This segment will not be entirely incorrect in subscribing to this line of thinking. Missing out on Cliff Lee was huge and the signing of Rafael Soriano is far from great. Though it would, however, be hard to classify the Soriano signing with the Lee non-signing. There are a few “what ifs” that are worth asking.

1. If the Yankees sign Lee, do they sign Soriano? I’d like to say no, but that’s just because I’m not a fan of the Soriano signing. Not signing Lee made (at least a certain segment of) the Yankees’ front office feel that the bullpen needed to be beefed up due to the rather lacing starting rotation. I don’t subscribe to this theory–as you well know–and losing out on Lee hurt the team in two ways. It left the rotation with a hole and it forced the team to divert a larger portion of resources than the team likely anticipated to the bullpen. Silver lining: the Yankee bullpen is fantastic. If/when they get to it, they’ll be in very, very good hands. Other silver lining: Not signing Lee leaves the Yankees with money to add during the middle of the season if a deal can be made.

2. If Jorge Posada wasn’t either signed through 2011 or relegated to catching, could the Yankees have gotten a better DH? That’s a big possibility. There were some great DH candidates out there this Hot Stove season, headlined by Manny Ramirez and Jim Thome, and most of them (especially those two) would’ve been good fits for the middle of the Yankee order. Silver lining: Jorge’s got a great bat and it’s likely to improve without the rigor of catching each and every day. The Yankees are definitely likely to have an above average DH.

What I’m about to write is going to make some people call me a Brian Cashman/Yankee apologist, but I don’t care…

This offseason has not been the nightmare that many are making it out to be. As it’s been said many times, losing out on Cliff Lee sucked. But it did not, and will not, cripple this team. The Soriano signing isn’t great, but it makes the 2011 team at least a little bit better, and the Yankees still have time and resources enough to improve the starting rotation. The Yankees added depth in the bullpen with Soriano and lefty Pedro Feliciano (signing Feliciano definitely accomplishes the ‘sign an LHP’ goal) and added some insurance for Jesus Montero by bringing in veteran Russell Martin. They still need to sign a righty hitting outfielder for the bench, but that appears to be nearing completion . Compared to other offseasons, the Yankees’ splashes have been smaller than usual, but that doesn’t mean they were all bad. The Bombers are still in good shape moving forward and I have every confidence that the team will be improved again in some way by the time Spring Training starts.

Dec 152010

Many, if not most Yankee fans are licking their wounds right now over their dreams of seeing Cliff Lee in a Yankee uniform being dashed by his decision to sign with the Phillies. I wanted to add a few notes of perspective for those who think the Yankee chances for next year and beyond are greatly diminished.

1-Long term deals on pitchers rarely work out well

Sam Borden of LoHud discusses this in his column this morning. He writes:

The rejection is a blessing. The Yankees may not think so. Not right now, at least. But they also thought giving Carl Pavano a four-deal was going to work out.

Examples like that are littered all over baseball, carcasses of long-term deals for pitchers that went sour. Mike Hampton. Kevin Brown. Russ Ortiz. Barry Zito. Did the Yankees get a positive return on their deal with Mike Mussina? Sure. But let’s not act like they’ve got a great batting average on these deals, either. Kei Igawa hasn’t exactly been a good investment for $46 million. A.J. Burnett sure doesn’t look like one, either, at just about twice that price.

If Lee had signed with the Yanks, we’d be reading article after article about all the things that could go wrong, and how rarely these deals go right. Remember what Kevin Goldstien of Baseball Prospectus wrote recently, that when the money gets as crazy as this, the winner most often the team that finishes 2nd in the bidding. You’re paying for past performance for a 32 year old pitcher. 

2-The Yanks aren’t worse off today

As difficult as it may be to hear right now, the Yanks haven’t suffered any significant losses from the team that went to the ALCS this past year. The 2011 Yankees aren’t any worse than the 2010 team, they just didn’t get any better by adding Lee. Here’s the players that the Yanks have lost so far this off season from last year’s roster:

Javier Vazquez-Marlins

Lance Berkman-Cardinals

Juan Miranda-Diamondbacks

Do any of those losses concern you? Nope. There are still some key potential losses in Andy Pettitte and Kerry Wood, but until they sign with other teams (or in Andy’s case officially retire) they are still in play. Brian Cashman now has an extra 23 mil to play with, and we all know he’s going to spend some if not all of it to improve the club. It’s also worth noting that two of their main rivals from 2010, the Texas Rangers (Lee) and Tampa Bay Rays (Crawford, Soriano, Pena) have suffered huge losses and have much work to do if they just hope to stay even. The field is worse, and while the Red Sox have improved lets not forget they finished with 89 wins and were 7 games back last year. The Sox needed to improve to catch up.

3-Lee would guarantee nothing

The 1990s Atlanta Braves teams had starting rotation that featured 3 future Hall of Famers in Greg Maddux, John Smoltz and Tom Glavine, and was rounded out by some fine pitchers like Steve Avery, Denny Neagle and Kevin Millwood. The won 104 games in 1993 and 100+ games for three straight years from 1997-1999. The have one World Series championship to show for a decade of dominating the National League. Further, the team that went all the way in 1995 wasn’t one of their best editions, going 90-54 in the regular season. Point being, we’ve seen All-Star rotations assembled before and it doesn’t necessarily translate into winning championships. It may improve your odds a bit, but we all know the playoffs are still a crapshoot. Adding Lee simply doesn’t mean as much as most fans would like to think it does.

(The following is being syndicated from The Captain’s Blog. For a revised analysis based on updated contract terms, click here.)

Cliff Lee probably wanted to return to Philadelphia all along, but he did not leave a lot of money on the table to do so. Contrary to the prevailing wisdom, the five-year, $120 million deal that Lee signed is not worth much less than what Jerry Crasnick reported was the Yankees final offer of six years at $132 million plus a $16 million player option. In fact, it might actually be worth more. The devil is really in the details, particularly the vesting sixth year option and incentives that exist in the Phillies’ offer, but even with those blanks left unfilled, we can still get a pretty good idea about how the two deals compare.

Comparison of Yankees’ and Phillies’ Reported Offers to Cliff Lee

  Phillies: 5 Years, $120 million     Yankees: 7 years, $148 million
Year Salary Present Value   Salary Present Value
1 $24,000,000 $24,000,000   $22,000,000 $22,000,000
2 $24,000,000 $22,605,728   $22,000,000 $20,721,917
3 $24,000,000 $21,292,456   $22,000,000 $19,518,085
4 $24,000,000 $20,055,478   $22,000,000 $18,384,188
5 $24,000,000 $18,890,362   $22,000,000 $17,316,165
6       $22,000,000 $16,310,188
7       $16,000,000 $11,172,839
Total $120,000,000 $106,844,024   $148,000,000 $125,423,383

 Note: Based on a nominal interest rate of 6% compounded monthly. Assumes salary paid in full each year (which favors shorter-term deal).
Source: zenwealth.com

Without factoring in the sixth year option, Lee left about $19 million in present value on the table, but that amount can be whittled down by about $1 million if you assume the extra $2 million in annual salary from the Phillies’ offer is invested at about 6% over the life of the deal. Furthermore, when you factor in New York State’s 6.85% top tax rate, which is more than twice that of Pennsylvania’s, the difference is mitigated further.

Even putting more nebulous variables like interest and tax rates aside, it’s still easy to narrow the gap between the two offers. For example, if the sixth year option is worth $16 million, as in the Yankees’ offer, the difference between the two deals would be narrowed to about $6.5 million. Of course, just because he won’t be under contract to Philadelphia in 2017 doesn’t mean Lee won’t be pitching somewhere. In other words, if he is able to negotiate a salary with a present value of $6.5 million (about $9.3 million) in that season, he’d actually wind up coming out ahead.

The bottom line is Cliff Lee did very well by his bottom line. He may have taken less guaranteed money, but in the long run negotiated a deal with the Phillies that is at least on par with the offer he had from the Yankees (and likely the Rangers as well). There’s no need to laud the Phillies’ stealthy maneuvering or applaud Lee for taking a discount because neither is appropriate (at least not until the final details are confirmed and suggest otherwise). Besides, what does it matter anyway? Lee is back where he wants to be and the Phillies are holding four aces. Now, it’s up to the rest of baseball to come up with a straight flush.

The news broke late last night, the mystery team was real after all and it proved to be the Phillies. There were reports that Cliff Lee let it be known in recent days that his first preference would a return to Philadelphia, and the two sides worked out an agreement for 5 years and 120 mil, with a reachable 6th year option. Here’s some quick reactions:

-For potential trade targets (and a glimpse at next year’s FA class) check out the MLBTR 2012 Free Agent list. It’s not a great class, but with Pujols looking for a monster extension maybe someone like Chris Carpenter can be had on a 1 year rental. Most of the rest of that list is either old, uninspiring, or unlikely to be had with the various contract options attached.

-Until Andy Pettitte comes back, as Yankee fans we have to admit the Red Sox are clearly the better team. The lineups are comparable, but the rotations aren’t close as things stand right now. Even once Andy comes back, I’ll give the edge to the BoSox. But at least then it’s a fight, right now it isn’t. Sergio Mitre and Ivan Nova simply aren’t as good as Clay Bucholtz and Dice-K.

-No faulting Brian Cashman here. He met with Lee twice and offered him more money than anyone else. MLBTR has the details:

Crasnick hears the Yankees offered a deal that guaranteed Lee $132MM over six years, plus a $16MM player option for a seventh year (Twitter link).  At $148MM guaranteed, that was the highest bid.  The Rangers offered $138MM over six years, and their proposal included a vesting option that could have brought the value of the deal to $161MM, according to Yahoo’s Tim Brown (Twitter links).

I must admit I’m surprised at how aggressive the Rangers were, but it didn’t matter. Lee just didn’t want to pitch here or in Texas, and took anywhere from 28-41 mil less to go back to Philly.

-As depressed as you might be right now as a Yankee fan, think about rooting for the team across town. The Mets plan on doing nothing this off season, and already project to be at the bottom of their division. Now the best team in their division just got MUCH better. The Met rebuilding plan should target 2015 as the next year they have a realistic shot at winning the division.

-Philly must be a great place to play and/or their GM Ruben Amaro has a knack with getting great 32 year pitchers to sign below market. First Roy Halladay signs a below market deal, now Cliff Lee. Their rotation is now unstoppable with a top 4 of Halladay, Lee, Oswalt, and Hamels. That’s easily the best top 4 in the game, and paired with their offense all they need to do is stay healthy and the National League is almost a forgone conclusion. Never know in a short series, but that’s as good as it gets. Their only question is age, seems like most of the key elements are 32 and older, but they could be a dynasty for the next few years.

Kevin Goldstein of Baseball Prospectus recently published a piece (subs required) where he posits something that I know many Yankee fans have been ruminating about in recent days, myself included. The money and years in the Cliff Lee sweepstakes have reached a point where the team that loses the bidding will ultimately be better off. He writes:

Meanwhile, we continue to wait, with Rangers fans hoping to keep the hero that led their team to their first World Series, and Yankee fans wishing to prove that their team’s financial might can bring them the biggest free agent name once again. 1-At this point, I’d recommend that both fans start rooting for the other side, as the ‘winning’ the Cliff Lee sweepstakes has all the makings of a classic Pyrrhic victory.

The age aspect of any deal is easy to see, as no matter the length, Lee will be well into the downside of his career during the latter part of the contract. The bigger risk is simply Lee himself. 2-It’s easy to forget that this is a pitcher just three years removed from pitching his way back to the minor leagues, with the Indians trading him away as much of over the risk of him declining as to his potential price tag.

And there is simply Lee the pitcher. Even the great version of Lee is succeeding mostly on nearly super-natural command. While his pure stuff is far too good to be classified solely as a finesse arm, it’s hardly the arsenal of a power pitcher, and to be the Cy Young-level pitcher, 3-he can afford no degradation in his ability to not only throw strikes, but to place his pitches nearly perfectly in the zone. When that’s not happening, Lee falls from elite to very hittable, with game one of last year’s World Series serving as our most recent exhibit. The chances of Lee being the pitcher he’s been over the last few seasons two years from now are slim, four years from now, tiny, and six years from now? Unfathomable.

I’ll address each of his main points in order.

1-I think this is more true for Texas than the Yankees. Bad deals rarely tie the Yankees hands in terms of acquiring players. The biggest problem it gives them is roster inflexibility, as we saw in the out years of the Jason Giambi deal, or in forcing them to make a headache for headache trade, as we saw when they extended Jeff  Weaver and later dealt him for Kevin Brown. In either case, the team still had enough elsewhere to make the playoffs. The Rangers, however, can’t afford to have too much payroll tied up in any one player an still be able to compete. That’s why Alex Rodriguez is playing for the Yankees.

2-It’s easy to forget because he won a CY Young award in 2008 and posted 3 terrific years despite playing on two very bad teams, the 2009 Cleveland Indians (65-97) and the 2010 Seattle Mariners (61-101).

3-And this isn’t true of every pitcher who ever lived? Hard throwing AJ Burnett doesn’t get blasted when his control is off? The consistency with which he threw strikes this past year was no doubt superhuman, he walked a mere 18 batter in 212.2 IP. But his career BB/9 rate is 2.2 and a lefthanded fly ball pitcher (1.13/1.04 GB/FB rate the past two seasons) pitching half his games in lefty-friendly Yankee stadium only figures to do better, not worse.

Dec 122010

It’s a cold, rainy day here in New York, and in the Yankee universe (ahem) all anybody wants to talk about is the waiting game for Cliff Lee. I’ve weighed in here numerous times, as have most of my fellow writers. So I thought it would be a good time to open things up to the readers, and let you guys hash things out for yourselves. To get the conversation started I’m going to post some recent comments from Mo’s TYU Twitter. If you don’t already subscribe, you really should. Here’s a few tidbits:

Honestly, I’d love to give him an opt-out after the 4th season. Even if he’s great, let him use it.

Bingo. Anyone who complained about giving CC an opt out a few years ago was nuts. I’d love to have one of these in the middle of every long term deal around the 3rd or 4th season. Let Lee opt out as a 35 year old after a big season, thank you very much. The risk of most deals is in the out years of the contract, and the only time this didn’t work out well was the A-Rod opt out, but that was a result of Yankee ownership being in flux, which no longer applies. Do you think Blue Jays fans are still crying over AJ Burnett’s opt-out? JD Drew gave the Dodgers one and a half big years and has been banged up or unproductive half the time as a Red Sox .

But that suggests that 7/161, considering future inflation in value of win and standard aging, might not be a bad deal.

Assuming Lee starts at 5.5 fWAR next yr, 2011: 26.1M 12: 25.6M 13: 24.9M 14: 23.9M 15: 22.6M 16: 20.9M 17: 18.85M Total: 7yr/162.85 million.

The problem I have with this is that it assumes 7 injury free seasons, and when it comes to pitchers there’s typically no such thing. But it’s impossible to predict such things, so you just have to make an arbitrary adjustment in your own head and move on. The Yanks rarely make any money on their big free agents. The Steinbrenners operate the franchise at break even or a small loss and make their money on the playoffs, YES, Steiner Collectables, Legends Hospitality, etc. This contract is par with the deal they just signed for Derek, the A-Rod pact, the CC and AJ deals. The Yanks are lucky to break even on these deals.

“The chances of Lee being the pitcher he’s been over the last few seasons two years from now are slim” I dont think that’s true.

The issue is that people using standing aging curves even for players who have already proven to be outliers.

Yep. Elite talents like Lee are by their nature unique and exceptional, so comparing their aging curves to a group that includes loads of fringy guys who were barely hanging on in the bigs is kinda silly. For a much more targeted group, check out Lee’s top 10 player comps on his BR page.

BTW-Do you folks know that Cliff’s full name is “Clifton Phifer Lee “. Yep.

(The following is being syndicated from The Captain’s Blog).

In an effort to evaluate whether the Yankees and Rangers are setting themselves up for a fall by offering a long-term contract to Cliff Lee, many have invoked similar deals that were given to the likes of Barry Zito, Johan Santana, C.C. Sabathia, Mike Hampton, Kevin Brown and Mike Mussina. Even if all those pitchers were similar to Lee, it would still be foolish to draw any meaningful conclusion from such a small sample size.

There really is no point in comparing Lee to other pitchers who signed similar long-term contracts. At best it is an anecdotal pursuit. After all, the question we need to answer is whether Lee will be productive over the term of the proposed contract, and a better way to do that is by looking at every starter who pitched from 32 to 38 (the ages Lee would be under a seven-year contract).

Relative Performance of Starters, Ages 32 to 38, Since 1901

  Total ERA+ >= 100 ERA+ >= 120
Lefties 37 32 15
Righties 80 65 19

Note: Includes all pitchers who threw at least 1,000 innings between the ages of 32 and 38 and started at least 75% of their games.
Source: Baseball-reference.com

Since 1901, 397 starters (75%-plus of all games in the rotation) pitched between the ages of 32 and 38. Of that total, 117, or 29%, pitched at least 1,000 innings, of which 83% had an ERA+ of 100 or higher and 29% had an ERA+ of at least 120. Among lefties, the percentage of starters with an ERA+ of 120 or better jumps to 41%.

Based on the data above, it seems that if a starting pitcher is able to stay healthy, he’ll likely be at least league average during his age 32 to 38 seasons. And, if he is a lefty, there is close to an even chance that he’ll be well above average. Looked at in this light, the key question regarding Cliff Lee is whether he will stay healthy over the length of a seven-year deal. Although he has suffered from minor abdominal and back issues during his career, Lee has managed to pitch at least 200 innings in five of the last six seasons (in 2007, he was sent to the minor leagues). The ace lefty also has a reputation for being in good condition and a tireless worker, so there is no reason to think complacency or a premature break down will develop. In other words, Lee fits the profile of a pitcher who should continue to log innings as he progresses deeper into his career. And, once you come to that conclusion, it becomes much more likely that he’ll justify a six- or seven-year contract.

Listed below for further comparison are the top-20 left handed pitchers who meet the criteria referenced above. After his soon-to-be new contract expires, will Lee’s name be added to this list? That remains to be seen, but soon we’ll know whether its the Yankees or Rangers that are sure going to hope so.

Top-20 Left Handed Starters, Ages 32-38, Since 1901

Player From To IP Age GS ERA+
Randy Johnson 1996 2002 1548.2 32-38 210 176
Lefty Grove 1932 1938 1628.1 32-38 183 149
Harry Brecheen 1947 1953 1191 32-38 157 131
Steve Carlton 1977 1983 1854.2 32-38 242 130
Warren Spahn 1953 1959 1929 32-38 240 127
Whitey Ford 1959 1965 1695.2 32-38 243 125
Carl Hubbell 1935 1941 1579.2 32-38 191 125
Thornton Lee 1939 1945 1308 32-38 159 125
Tom Glavine 1998 2004 1544 32-38 239 124
Al Leiter 1998 2004 1360 32-38 213 124
Preacher Roe 1948 1954 1277.1 32-38 173 124
Eppa Rixey 1923 1929 1779.2 32-38 221 123
Eddie Plank 1908 1914 1704.2 32-38 205 123
Tommy John 1976 1981 1322.1 33-38 184 123
Eddie Lopat 1950 1955 1104.1 32-37 148 121
Jamie Moyer 1995 2001 1291 32-38 194 115
Andy Pettitte 2004 2010 1262.2 32-38 203 115
Mike Cuellar 1969 1975 1921.1 32-38 264 114
Chuck Finley 1995 2001 1373.1 32-38 215 114
David Wells 1995 2001 1421.2 32-38 210 113

Note: Includes all left handed pitchers who threw at least 1,000 innings between the ages of 32 and 38 and started at least 75% of their games.
Source: Baseball-reference.com

A number of Yankees Hot Stove stories out there this morning:

1) The Yankees have apparently upped their offer to 7 years, although Joel Sherman reports that the deal is actually more complicated than that:

The Yankees’ offers work on a scale in which the shorter the term, the higher the annual average value. It is believed the bids work something like this: five years for $125 million; six years for $144 million; seven years for $161 million; or $25 million a year, $24 million a year and $23 million a year, respectively.

This is an interesting plan, although I cannot see a pitcher of Lee’s age doing anything but taking the largest offer. I have said all along that I thought a 7 year deal was way too long, and I stand by that position. That said, it may be time to reluctantly conclude that this is an inflated market, and that these sort of deals may be where baseball is headed. As EJ noted yesterday, MLB may be due for some contract inflation due to soaring revenues.

2) Sherman with some encouraging news on Derek Jeter:

Jeter is renowned around the Yankees for having a set routine and hating to deviate from it. Yet in response to his poorest campaign, Jeter is going to break with his habitual offseason plan and do one-on-one sessions with Yankees hitting coach Kevin Long, The Post has learned. Jeter may travel to Arizona, but Long more probably will go to Tampa, likely in January.

The two had begun to implement some changes late in the year that showed some positive results. Essentially, as a way to shorten a too-long swing, Long wants to continue to get Jeter to better control the direction and the length of his stride.

Derek worked on his conditioning and flexibility prior to the 2009 season, and he later credited that work for helping him to one of the best seasons of his career. It is good to see that Derek is willing to change his routine to hone his craft, particularly now that he is signed to another expensive contract. A bounce-back season from Jeter would go a long way towards helping the club remain the best offense in the AL East.

3) The Yankees apparently called the Twins about Francisco Liriano, but were told that he is not available. I would imagine that the call was part of Brian Cashman’s Plan B, and I am curious to find out what his other targets might be should the Yankees whiff on Cliff Lee.

4) According to multiple reports, the Yankees and Red Sox are both working hard to sign Russell Martin. With the Yankees declaring Jorge Posada to be the DH and considering the uncertainty that surrounds Jesus Montero, a Martin signing would help remove a lot of the risk from the Yankees catching situation. The Red Sox may need Martin even more, so it should be interesting to follow this as it develops.

5) Old friend Melky Cabrera signed with the Royals, who also signed Jeff Francoeur. Neither player is good at all, and I often wonder whether it might be better for teams like KC to play minor league free agents and perceived AAAA-types in the hopes of discovering a decent asset.

Dec 092010

Move over Felix, there's a new king in baseball

On the heels of the Red Sox (or as Jon Heyman now calls them, the ‘Best team in Baseball’) signing Carl Crawford, there is a palpable sense of panic among the sports media on behalf of the Yankees. You couldn’t by tell listening to their GM making the media rounds this past week, Brian Cashman is his usual, monotone self. But the Red Sox acquisition of Adrian Gonzalez and Carl Crawford have catapulted them to being at least on par with the Yanks heading into next season, maybe slightly ahead in the eyes of some observers. Some of us in the blogosphere have our doubts, the differential between Victor Martinez and Adrian Gonzalez is significant, but not enormous. Crawford is a clear upgrade to their putrid outfield of last year, but his best asset of speed will largely be wasted playing LF in Fenway. But you’ll get no argument from me they’ve made themselves better, and the Yanks need to keep up with the Joneses.

The running joke around the Winter Meetings is “It’s good to be Cliff Lee”, where every move that happens seems to make his bargaining position stronger and stronger. Brain Cashman has stated that none of these moves will affect his offer to Lee, and they have steadfastly (and I would add wisely) refused to add a 7th year to their offer. However, with the way salaries have inflated this year you have to leave open the possibility that bidding for Lee will get past the point of rationality. Do the Yanks walk away at that point? Can they afford to pass on Lee? What if Lee just decides money isn’t the biggest factor, and he opts to pitch in Texas, close to his native Arkansas home? Joel Sherman provides some clues in his latest column:

So we can now remove any doubt and describe the Yankees’ condition when it comes to obtaining Cliff Lee as “desperate.” And here is why: Because it was Girardi who yesterday offered the strongest public act of craving.
“I see [Lee] as important to us, I do,” Girardi said. “It’s a rotation that right now you look at it, not knowing what Andy [Pettitte] is going to do, possibly adding Ivan Nova to the rotation and having Phil Hughes, it’s a pretty young rotation with CC at the top of it. So I think he’s pretty important [to add].”
.
Not exactly begging, but as Joel stated in his column that’s about as close as you’ll ever get with Girardi.  But the Yankees their backs to the wall with Lee begs the question, what if they DON’T sign Lee? Could they actually go into next year with Ivan Nova as Lee’s replacement? The answer, as difficult as it is for Yankee fans to stomach, is yes. The free agent market thins out drastically after Lee, with old friend Carl Pavano as the top target once Lee comes off the board. The trade market isn’t much better, as Sherman details later in the same piece:

The price on Kansas City’s Zack Grienke is exorbitant, and the Yankees don’t believe the righty could handle New York. The Yankees have not even checked in on Tampa Bay’s Matt Garza. And frontline or near frontline types such as Felix Hernandez, Josh Johnson, John Danks and Francisco Liriano are not viewed as available.

It’s Cliff Lee, or a Yankee rotation of Sabathia, Burnett, Hughes, Ivan Nova and hopefully Andy Pettitte. If Andy retires, then the Yanks will be looking for a back of the rotation starter (Justin Duchscherer, anyone?) and maybe the Red Sox are the best team in Baseball after all.

(The following is being syndicated from The Captain’s Blog).

The Cliff Lee sweepstakes has turned into a guessing game over which mystery teams have supposedly offered the ace lefthander a seven-year contract. Although no confirmations have been forthcoming, the addition of a seventh year seems to be a major sticking point, at least for the Yankees, who, again according to unsubstantiated rumors, are unwilling to go beyond six.

On his Twitter account, columnist John Heyman reported that although the Yankees intend on sticking to six years, they would try to “steal” Lee with an inflated offer of $140-150 million. Aside from the fact that a thief isn’t supposed to come away lighter in the pockets, the biggest problem with Heyman’s exclusive is the Yankees’ supposed logic doesn’t really make much economic sense (or cents, for that matter).

All long-term contracts carry heightened risk because of the increased uncertainty that comes from peering too far into the future. For many, the burden of carrying a star player past his prime at an inflated salary seems like a fate worse than being a fan of the Pittsburgh Pirates. However, we can sometimes get too carried away with the length of a contract, especially when what we should be focusing upon is the overall value.

Back loading a contract is one way teams seek to defray the exorbitant cost of long-term deals. Even though that goes completely against the misplaced logic summarized above (now, the star player is paid even more as he gets further from his prime), the economic reasoning is very sound. Why? Because money has time value. In other words, $1 in the present is not the same as $1 in the future ($1 in the present is usually worth more). Factors such as inflation, interest and tax rates can all have an impact on the value of money as time passes, which, brings us back to the Yankees’ reported aversion to giving Lee a seven-year deal.

Let’s assume that Heyman is correct and the Yankees are willing to pay Lee $150 million over the next six years. Instead of dismissing the notion of a seven-year deal out of hand, our next question should be at what terms would such a contract be equivalent? One way to determine that is to consider the present value of two different contracts and see how they compare.

Present Value Comparison of Two Contracts

  Deal 1: $150mn / 6 years   Deal 2: $164.5mn / 7 years
Year Salary Present Value   Salary Present Value
1 $25,000,000 $25,000,000   23,500,000 $23,500,000
2 $25,000,000 $22,186,231   23,500,000 $20,855,057
3 $25,000,000 $19,689,153   23,500,000 $18,507,804
4 $25,000,000 $17,473,124   23,500,000 $16,424,736
5 $25,000,000 $15,506,510   23,500,000 $14,576,120
6 $25,000,000 $13,761,240   23,500,000 $12,935,566
7 NA NA   23,500,000 $11,479,658
Total $150,000,000 $113,616,258   $164,500,000 $118,278,941

Note: Based on a nominal interest rate of 12% compounded monthly. Assumes salary paid in full each year (which favors shorter-term deal).

Source: zenwealth.com

At this point, it might be worthwhile to take a quick diversion and explain what present value means. Basically, in this instance, it refers to the amount of money the Yankees need today to pay off a debt tomorrow (think about Wimpy and hamburgers). Of course, the concept assumes that the money is invested wisely, not spent frivolously (think Carl Pavano). With that in mind, let’s assume the Yankees invested $22,186, 231 on day one of the rumored contract and received a 12% annual rate compounded monthly. At the end of the year, the Yankees initial investment would amount to $25,000,000 (principal plus interest of just over $2.8 million). As a result, with a discounted initial sum, the Yankees could pay Cliff Lee’s salary in the following season.

Now, let’s fast forward back to the comparison. Although it does look as if the Yankees’ shorter deal is less expensive, we aren’t finished yet. In addition to calculating the present value of each term year, we also need to consider the opportunity value of the $1.5 million “saved” under the longer contract. Once again, assuming that the Yankees invested the saving (125,000 per month) at an annual rate of 12%, they would end up with just over $4 million in return. When subtracted from the present value of the deal, the two terms presented in the chart above become near equivalent. For the Yankees, however, there is also the issue of luxury tax. Assuming the team’s payroll would hover around the same level regardless of either deal, it would enjoy a luxury tax savings of $3.6 million (or more, if the Yankees also invested that sum) over the first six years of the seven-year deal. When these factors are also considered, the seven-year deal comes in almost $3 million cheaper than the shorter version.

Normalization of Hypothetical Seven-Year Deal

Variables Total
Present Value $118,278,941
Interest on Lower AAS* $4,088,741
Luxury Tax Savings# $3,600,000
Final Cost $110,590,200

* Based on a nominal interest rate of 12% compounded monthly
# Based on luxury tax rate of 40% charged in years one to six of the contract.

At this point, it should be noted that there are more variables that need to be considered in order to increase the accuracy of the comparison. For starters, we’d need to determine the rate of return that the Yankees expect on their investments (it could be much more or less than 12%). Also, we’d need to have a better understanding of the team’s cash flow (i.e., does paying Lee compromise their liquidity to the point that they can not invest elsewhere). There is also the issue of taxes, which could mitigate the Yankees’ return on investment (although, considering the amount of debt held by the team as well as the favorable tax treatment it enjoys under the terms of its financing, that really might not be much of an issue), as well as inflation, which in a baseball sense would refer to the future direction of salaries (i.e., how much will star pitchers be paid 6-7 years from now). Having noted these caveats, the analysis still illustrates there are very sophisticated ways to evaluate long-term contracts that go well beyond how much an aged All Star is making during the final years of his deal.

Should the Yankees go to seven years with Lee? Or should six be the limit? It doesn’t really matter. What the Yankees need to do is decide upon a limit in terms of present day dollars, not contract years. Only after factoring in all the variables, can such a limit be determined. Then again, there probably is one other variable that also needs to be considered….the competitiveness of Hal Steinbrenner. We know how it would have factored into a negotiation with his father, but it remains to be seen how it will influence the son.

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